A power efficient continuous time ΔΣ modulator with 15 MHz bandwidth and 70 dB dynamic range

A state variable block diagram method is given for the realization of universal biquadratic transfer functions employing second-generation current-controlled conveyors (CCCIIs). Using minimum number of passive components and properly adjusting the bias currents of CCCIIs, the proposed circuits can realize all the tunable frequency standard filter functions: high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, notch-pass, and all-pass by choosing appropriate input branches without changing the passive elements. These presented circuits are in current-mode and voltage-mode separately. The non-ideality analyses of these configurations are given. Additionally, a high-order low-pass filter derived from the proposed voltage-mode biquadratic filter is introduced. PSPICE simulation results are included to verify the theory.     

Changes in physiochemical quality and browning related enzyme activity of longkong fruit during four different weeks of on-tree maturation

The optimum harvesting period of longkong from 13 to 16 weeks of maturation were used to analyse the changes in physiochemical and browning related enzymes. The colour, such as lightness (L^∗) and yellowness (b^∗) decreased and conversely redness (a^∗) increased. The fruit weight was significantly increased from 21.21 to 24.93 g and the diameter was also increased (p > 0.05). Chemical qualities, such as total soluble solids, pH, total sugar and reducing sugar increased while titratable acidity decreased at the end of maturation period (p < 0.05). The antioxidant activity, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (from 4.73 to 8.97 mg/100 g), ferric reducing antioxidant power (from 5.06 to 6.83 mg/100 g) and total phenolic content increased (from 42.65 to 58.71 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The polyphenol oxidase activity significantly increased throughout the maturation; peroxidase and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase enzymes increased at the beginning but after that they decreased at the end of the maturation period. Peel epidermal trichomes losses on the surface and parenchyma cell changes in the cross section were found during these stages.     

Performance analysis of spiral and serpentine tube solar collector with carbon nanotube nanofluids under natural flow method

This study communicates the performance analysis of spiral and serpentine tube solar collector with carbon nanotube nanofluids under natural flow method. Experiments were carried out at three different mass flow rates namely 3, 5, and 7 kg/hour while the concentration of nanoparticles was varied from 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively. Experiments were carried out under the same condition of ambient parameters for validation. Results show that the maximum exit water temperature was found to be about 75°C with a maximum concentration of 0.1% under a minimum flow rate of 3 kg/hour during the peak intensity. Similarly, the improvement in temperature of the water is found to be 6% under peak intensity and decreased to about 4.3% and 4.2% for the flow rates of 5 and 7 kg/hour, respectively     

Hybrid optimization scheme for intrusion detection using considerable feature selection

Neural Computing and Applications - The intrusion detection is an essential section in network security because of its immense volume of threats which bothers the computing systems. The real-time...     

Experimental investigation and mathematical modelling of water vapour corrosion of Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC ceramics and their mechanical behaviour

Commercially available Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC ceramics were used in this study to investigate their wet corrosion and mechanical behaviour as they were under investigation for years for their applications in the field of nuclear as cladding materials and aerospace. The test coupons of dimension 3 × 4 × 40 mm³ and 3 × 4 × 20 mm³ were machined out from commercially available samples for the 3-pt bend test and wet corrosion test, respectively. The water vapour corrosion studies of these samples were carried out at 800 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1200 ℃ for 10, 20 and 100 h in gas flow condition containing 50 % steam + 50 % air. Phase analysis of the as-received Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₂AlC ceramics revealed the presence of other impurity phases such as TiC and TiSi₂. The XRD patterns of the oxidised samples show the formation of rutile as the major phase in both materials. The oxidation layer formed on Ti₃SiC₂ sample was measured to be 280 μm after exposing the sample in steam for 100 h at 1200 °C. The water vapour corrosion studies reveal that Ti₂AlC has high oxidation resistance compared with the Ti₃SiC₂ due to the formation of protective layers of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ which resulted in reduced weight gain and oxidation layer thickness. Three-point bend tests were conducted at room temperature for the samples after the water vapour corrosion test at 1000 °C/100 h. The TAC samples showed no degradation in the bending strength (244 MPa) whereas the TSC samples showed reduced strength of 320 MPa. The tensile strength of the samples was measured at room temperature and hydrothermal condition (250 °C and 250 bars pressure) and it was observed that Ti₃SiC₂ had high tensile strength (190 MPa) in hydrothermal conditions. The tensile strength results were validated using Finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS and the FEA results showed a negligible variance of 7 % compared with experimental method. Mathematical modelling based on one dimensional solution of diffusion equation combined with Deal-Grove model was employed to study and compare the oxidation thickness for the linear and parabolic models for the ceramics. The model was effective in validating the oxidation thickness of Ti₃SiC₂ showing that the experimental thickness was closer to that of mathematical model.     

Effective removal of Cr(VI) and methyl orange from the aqueous environment using two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets

Industrial use of heavy metals and dyes critically depends on the effective handling of industrial effluents. Effective remediation of industrial effluents using various adsorbent materials has thus become critical. In this paper, we study two-dimensional MXenes as an adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) and methyl orange (MO) in waters. The physico-chemical performance of MXenes was studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer?Emmett?Teller, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The adsorption system, including influence of contact time, pH of solutions, co-ions, and desorption experiments were performed for effective Cr(VI) and MO removal. The Cr(VI) and MO removal rate of the MXenes was very fast, and the kinetic system was driven by pseudo-second-order kinetics. The sorption isotherm closely well-tailored with the Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum removal efficiencies were 104 and 94.8 mg/g for Cr(VI) and MO, respectively. The MXenes was successfully regenerated by 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution and can be repeatedly recycled. The uptake of Cr(VI) and MO by the MXenes was mainly due to chemical adsorption, namely electrostatic adsorption, complexation, surface interactions, and ion exchange mechanisms. This investigation demonstrates the selectivity and feasibility of the MXenes as a real adsorbent for eliminating Cr(VI) and MO from the aqueous environment.     

Taylor-AMS features and deep convolutional neural network for converting nonaudible murmur to normal speech

Communication becomes effective when the speech signal arrives with the profound characteristics. This insisted the researchers to develop an automatic system of recognizing the speech signals from the murmurs. Some of the traditional automatic recognition systems are unfit for the silent environments imposing a need for an effective recognition system. Also, the traditional automatic recognition methods, like Neural Networks, render poor performance in the presence of the murmurs. Thus, this article proposes a method for automatic whisper recognition using the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). The training of the DCNN is performed using the proposed Stochastic-Whale Optimization Algorithm (Stochastic-WOA), which is designed by the integration of Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm with WOA. The input to the classifier is the features that include pitch chroma, spectral centroid, spectral skewness, and Taylor-Amplitude Modulation Spectrogram (Taylor-AMS), which is obtained by combining Taylor series and Amplitude Modulation Spectrogram (AMS) features, of the preprocessed input speech signal. The experimentation of the method is performed using the real database and the analysis proves that the proposed method acquired a maximal accuracy of 0.9723, minimal False Positive Rate of 0.0257, and maximal True Positive Rate of 0.9981, respectively.     

Year around distilled water production,energy, and economic analysis of solar stills—A comparative study

In this paper, a year around energy efficiency (EnE) and economic analysis of single slope solar still (SSSS), the single slope solar still with glass cooling (SSSSGC), the single slope solar still with basin heating (SSSSBH), and the single slope solar still with glass cooling and basin heating (SSSSGCBH) was carried out based on the distilled water production. The annual yield production from the SSSS, SSSSGC, SSSSBH, and SSSSGCBH were 476.16, 637.44, 970.24, and 1167.36 kg, respectively. The yearly yield produced from the SSSSBH and SSSSGCBH was increased by 50.92% and 59.21%, respectively, as compared with the SSSS. Moreover, the annual EnE of the SSSSGCBH was 28.75%. However, the EnE of the SSSS was 11.73%. Also, freshwater making cost is found to be 18.9, 24.9, 37.9, and 45.6 Rs/day for the SSSS, SSSSGC, SSSSBH, and SSSSGCBH, respectively, if the buying cost of freshwater is Rs 10.     

Design and implementation of CfoTS networks for industrial fault detection and correction mechanism

The Journal of Supercomputing - In the industry, large- and small-scale manufacturers and even original equipment manufacturers are facing a major problem in monitoring large data. Because the...     

An enhanced flower pollination algorithm‐based chaff point generation method with hardware implementation in WBAN

In wireless body area networks (WBAN), device authentication and key agreement are the critical issues. In any real‐world cryptographic system, issues like these can be handled by one of the most practical bio‐cryptosystem schemes popularly known as fuzzy vault (FV). The secret key is encoded in a polynomial equation merged with physiological value and then combined with chaff (noise) points forming the FV. The most critical and computational intensive task in the FV is the chaff point generation, that is used to hide the valid point inside the vault pattern. In this paper, we propose an Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm based Chaff Point generation method with Hardware (EFPCH) implementation and have been proved to be a computationally fast and feasible algorithm for hardware implementation. The security of the FV depends on the infeasibility of the polynomial reconstruction and also in large number of chaff point. The existing methods for chaff point generation had taken less number of valid points and generate a maximum of 200 chaff points. But in our experimental result, we generated large number of chaff point (1:12) with a considerable amount of valid points over the existing algorithm. This work describes the key agreement model and implementation step required for identifying External programmer attached to the patient pacemaker. However, existing key agreement schemes have too many computational intensive tasks, making it unsuitable for system‐on‐chip (SoC) implementation. In the result of the described work, a practical SoC implementation of the wireless environment in WBAN is experimented. The results show that our proposed model has a more efficient implementation in generating larger chaff points and performs better than other current methods.